Advanced documentation

Under the
hood.

The full system: circle types, tokenized receivables, auction mechanics, marketplace trading, and sponsorship.

These docs cover the full system — circle types, tokenized receivables, auctions, marketplace trading, and sponsorship.

To use these features, enable Advanced mode in Profile → Features.

Looking for the basics? Read the basic docs →

What is Chord?

Chord is a savings circle platform built on Solana. A savings circle (also called a ROSCA) is simple: a group of people agree to contribute a fixed amount at regular intervals. Each round, one member receives the full pot. Everyone contributes, everyone receives — once.

The only question is when you receive. Get the pot early, and it's like getting an interest-free loan from the group. Get it late, and you've effectively saved up a lump sum with built-in discipline. Either way, you put in the same total and get back the same total.

Chord comes in two flavors. Receivables circles give you a tradeable token representing your future payout. Auction circles let you bid to receive the pot sooner at a discount. Both can assign payout order either first-come (fixed) or randomly.

USDC

Currency

Dollar-pegged stablecoin

Flexible

Collateral

Any supported crypto asset

Up to 128

Group size

Members per circle

3 options

Frequency

Weekly, biweekly, monthly

Step by step

How a circle works

Every circle goes through the same stages. The rules are locked in from the start — no one can change them once the circle begins.

JoinFillRoundsReceiveDone
1
Forming

Someone creates a circle and sets the rules: how much to contribute, how often, how many members, and whether collateral is required. Other members review the terms and join. Once all spots are filled (and collateral is posted, if required), the circle is ready to start.

Every circle has a deadline to fill all spots. If it doesn't fill in time, the circle is cancelled and any deposits are returned automatically.

2
Waiting for randomnessRandom order only

If the circle uses random payout order, there's a brief pause after all members join. The protocol generates a verifiable random number on-chain to shuffle who receives the pot in which round. No one — not even the creator — can influence the result.

This step only applies to random-order circles. Fixed-order circles skip straight to the active phase. If the designated randomness provider doesn't respond within a short window, anyone can finalize the circle using verifiable on-chain slot hashes — so a circle can never get stuck waiting.

3
Active

Rounds begin on a fixed schedule. Every round, each member contributes their share. One member receives the full pot that round. This continues until every member has received the pot exactly once.

Round timing is automatic — round 1 starts when the circle activates, and each subsequent round starts exactly one period later (weekly, biweekly, or monthly). You can pay at any point during your round window.

4
Complete

All rounds are done. Everyone has received their pot. Any remaining collateral is unlocked and can be withdrawn. The circle is finished.

After completion, members withdraw any unclaimed payouts and collateral. Once everyone has closed out, the circle is permanently archived.

What if it doesn't fill?

If a circle doesn't fill all spots within its time window, it's cancelled automatically. Any join fees and collateral deposits are returned in full. No risk to you.

Two ways to play

Circle types

Every circle is either a receivables circle or an auction circle. The creator chooses when setting up the circle. Both types can use either fixed or random payout order.

Receivables

Your future payout as a tradeable asset

  • Before your payout round arrives, you can mint a receivable — a digital token representing your upcoming payout
  • As other members contribute throughout the round, your receivable fills up with funds you can claim
  • You can hold your receivable until it matures, or sell it on the marketplace if you want to exit early
  • If you transfer or sell a receivable, the new holder receives the payout proportionally — accounting is handled automatically

Auction

Bid for earlier payouts

  • Each round, members can bid to receive the pot next — the bid is the amount you're willing to accept (lower than the full pot)
  • The lowest bidder wins: they get the pot sooner, but at a discount
  • Everyone else benefits too — the discounted amount means they pay less that round
  • Patient members who wait for later rounds end up contributing less overall
  • A minimum bid decrement prevents last-second sniping

Auction example

Imagine a 5-member circle where everyone normally contributes $100 per round. The recipient gets $400 (4 other members * $100). Now member Alice bids $90 — she's saying "I'll accept a smaller pot to get it sooner."

$360

Alice receives (4 * $90)

$90

Everyone else pays this round

$10

Each member saves vs. normal

Alicebidder$360receivesBob$90paysCarol$90paysDave$90paysEve$90pays

Alice gets her money sooner but accepts less. Everyone else pays less that round. Patient members who wait for later rounds save the most overall.

Who goes when

Payout order

The payout order decides who receives the pot in which round. This is independent of the circle type — both receivables and auction circles can use either option.

Fixed order

First come, first served. The first person to join gets round 1, the second gets round 2, and so on. You know your payout round the moment you join.

Random order

The order is shuffled using verifiable on-chain randomness once all members have joined. Nobody — not even the creator — can predict or influence the result. Fair by design.

In auction circles, the initial order is fixed, but winning bids rearrange who receives which round. So even in a fixed-order auction circle, the final payout schedule evolves based on bidding.

Money in, money out

Payments and payouts

Each round, you contribute your share in USDC. The amount is set when the circle is created. In auction circles, it may be lower than the default if someone won the round with a discounted bid.

When it's your turn to receive the pot, the funds are held in escrow until you withdraw them. Payouts don't arrive automatically — you need to claim them. This gives you control over when the funds hit your wallet.

Standard payments

Fixed amount per round. If you miss a payment, your collateral covers it automatically so the rest of the group isn't affected.

Late fees (optional)

Some circles charge a late fee if you pay after the round deadline. The fee is proportional to how late you are. Check the circle's terms before joining.

Your payout, tokenized

Receivables

In receivables circles, your future payout becomes a digital asset you can hold, transfer, or sell. Think of it like a voucher that fills up with money as other members contribute.

1

You get a receivable

Before your payout round arrives, you can mint a receivable token representing your share of the pot. It starts empty and fills up as contributions come in.

2

It fills up

As other members contribute throughout the round, the funds accumulate in your receivable. You can watch it fill in real-time on your dashboard.

3

Transfer or sell it

Don't want to wait? Sell your receivable on the marketplace at a discount. The buyer gets the payout when it matures. Ownership and accounting transfer automatically.

4

Claim your payout

Once the receivable is fully funded, claim your payout. If you sold part of your receivable, each holder claims their proportional share.

Your safety net

Collateral

In traditional savings circles, trust is all you have. If someone takes the pot and stops paying, the group loses. Chord solves this with collateral — a security deposit that guarantees you'll hold up your end.

01

Deposit collateral

When a circle requires collateral, you deposit supported crypto assets (like JitoSOL or cbBTC) as a security deposit. The protocol admin can add new collateral types at any time — any token with a reliable price feed can be supported.

02

Live pricing

Your collateral is valued in real-time using Pyth oracle price feeds. The protocol always knows the current dollar value of your deposit and compares it against what you still owe in future contributions.

03

Health check

Your collateral health is the ratio between what your deposit is worth and what you owe. As long as your collateral value stays above the required threshold, you're in good standing. If it drops (because the asset price fell or you missed a payment), you may need to top up.

04

Get it back

As you make contributions and reduce what you owe, your excess collateral is unlocked. When the circle completes, you withdraw everything that's left. If you deposit a yield-bearing asset like a liquid staking token, it continues earning yield while locked.

How the health check works

LiquidationSafeHealth Factor

Your position on the gauge depends on how your collateral value compares to what you owe. Stay in the green and your collateral is untouchable.

What happens if someone defaults

Default protection

If a member's collateral drops below what they owe, the protocol can partially seize it to keep the circle whole. This protects the group without wiping out the defaulting member entirely.

1

When does it happen?

If your collateral value drops below the required coverage — either from a price drop or from missing contributions — your position becomes eligible for liquidation. Think of it like a margin call.

2

Who can trigger it?

Anyone can trigger a liquidation. The protocol verifies the position is actually undercollateralized before proceeding — it can't be exploited or triggered unfairly.

3

Protection: 50% limit

A single liquidation can only cover up to 50% of what you owe. This protects you from losing everything at once and gives you a chance to top up your collateral before more is taken.

4

What gets seized?

Enough collateral to cover the shortfall, plus a small bonus for the person who triggered the liquidation. The seized collateral covers your missed contributions so the rest of the group isn't affected.

Missed payments

If you miss a contribution, your collateral automatically covers it. The circle stays on track and no other member is affected. You can recover by repaying the missed amount plus any late fees.

Recovery

Had collateral seized? You can recover by repaying the shortfall plus any late interest. The protocol tracks exactly how much you owe per round so there's no ambiguity.

Need flexibility?

Marketplace

Life changes. The marketplace gives you options if you need to exit early, want a different round, or see an opportunity to earn by buying someone else's position.

Sell your position

Need to exit a circle early? List your position for sale. A buyer takes your seat — your remaining contributions and your scheduled payout round. You walk away clean.

Swap positions

Want an earlier round? Find another member who'd rather wait. You can swap payout positions directly within the same circle.

Trade receivables

In receivables circles, your future payout is a tradeable token. Sell it at a discount for immediate cash, or buy someone else's receivable to earn the full payout later.

Sell positionYouleave circleBuyertakes your seatSwap roundsMember ARound 2Member BRound 5

Can't afford collateral?

Sponsorship

Not everyone has crypto to post as collateral. The sponsorship system lets someone else put up collateral on your behalf. Once you opt in, the choice is permanent for that circle — this prevents gaming.

1

Request a sponsor

Choose whether to name a specific sponsor or let anyone sponsor you. This choice is permanent for the circle.

2

Sponsor deposits

Your sponsor deposits collateral into your position. It works exactly like your own collateral — same protections, same rules.

3

Everyone wins

When the circle ends (or your debt is paid down enough), your sponsor gets their collateral back. You got access to a circle you couldn't have joined alone.

What it costs

Fees

Fees are locked in when a circle is created and never change for that circle, even if protocol-wide fees are updated later. What you see when you join is what you'll pay.

FeeWhenSet by
Join feeOne-time fee when you join a circleProtocol
Position sale feeWhen you sell your position on the marketplaceProtocol
Swap feeWhen you swap rounds with another memberProtocol
Liquidation feeCharged on seized collateral during liquidationProtocol
Late feeWhen you pay after the round deadlineCircle creator

Protocol fees are the same across all new circles. Late fees are optional and set by the circle creator — check the circle details before joining to see if late fees apply and how much they are. The circle creator also has the option to pay the join fees upfront for all members.

Quick reference

Glossary

Circle
A savings group with fixed rules, members, and a set number of rounds.
Round
One contribution period. Each round, everyone pays in and one person receives the pot.
Pot
The total contributions collected in a single round. Goes to one designated recipient.
Contribution
The amount each member pays per round, in USDC (a dollar-pegged stablecoin).
Payout round
The specific round when you're scheduled to receive the pot.
Mode
How the circle operates: Receivables (tokenized payouts) or Auction (bid for earlier rounds).
Payout order
How rounds are assigned: Fixed (first-come order) or Random (shuffled at activation).
Collateral
Crypto assets you deposit as a guarantee for your future contributions. Returned when the circle ends.
Health factor
How well your collateral covers what you owe. If it drops too low, some collateral may be liquidated.
Liquidation
When undercollateralized deposits are partially seized to cover a member's obligations. Capped at 50% per event.
Auction bid
The amount you're willing to accept as the pot (lower than full). Lowest bid wins the round. Other members pay less that round.
Receivable
A digital token representing your future payout. Can be held until maturity, transferred, or sold.
Escrowed payout
Your pot is held in escrow until you withdraw it. Payouts don't arrive automatically — you claim them.
Stable credit
If you overpaid (e.g., an auction reduced what was due after you already paid full price), the excess is tracked and withdrawable anytime.
Sponsor
Someone who posts collateral on your behalf. Useful if you can't afford the deposit yourself.
Activation window
The time limit for a circle to fill all spots. If it doesn't fill, the circle is cancelled and deposits are returned.
Late interest
Optional per-circle fee charged when you pay after the round deadline. Set by the circle creator.
Close factor
A single liquidation can only seize up to 50% of your debt. Protects you from losing everything at once.

Ready to start saving?

Create your first savings circle or browse the marketplace to find one that fits.

Chord

Community savings circles for the modern world. Transparent, automatic, and secure. Built on Solana.

© 2026 Chord Finance. All rights reserved.Built with transparency and community in mind.

Chord is a trading name of Saving Circles Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales (company number 16194867). Registered address: 82a James Carter Road, Mildenhall, Bury St. Edmunds, England, IP28 7DE.